1 Kings 18:31

Authorized King James Version

And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the LORD came, saying, Israel shall be thy name:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּקַּ֣ח
took
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#2
אֵֽלִיָּ֗הוּ
And Elijah
elijah, the name of the famous prophet and of two other israelites
#3
שְׁתֵּ֤ים
twelve
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#4
עֶשְׂרֵה֙
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
#5
אֲבָנִ֔ים
H68
stones
a stone
#6
כְּמִסְפַּ֖ר
according to the number
a number, definite (arithmetical) or indefinite (large, innumerable; small, a few); also (abstractly) narration
#7
שִׁבְטֵ֣י
of the tribes
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
#8
בְנֵֽי
of the sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#9
יַעֲקֹ֑ב
of Jacob
jaakob, the israelitish patriarch
#10
אֲשֶׁר֩
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#11
הָיָ֨ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#12
דְבַר
unto whom the word
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
#13
יְהוָ֤ה
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#14
אֵלָיו֙
near, with or among; often in general, to
#15
לֵאמֹ֔ר
came saying
to say (used with great latitude)
#16
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#17
יִֽהְיֶ֥ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#18
שְׁמֶֽךָ׃
shall be thy ~
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Kings. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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